How do you calculate leachate flow rate?

Once the flow velocity of the fluid has been determined, the flow rate can be calculated by multiplying the mean flow velocity by the cross-section area of the pipeline. Mean flow velocity is utilized, since the actual flow velocities vary somewhat within the stream.

What is the formula for quantification of leachate generation from landfill?

What is the formula for quantification of leachate generation from landfill? Explanation: I = P – P (CR/O) – AET +/- S where, I is Rate of Infiltration, P is Precipitation, CR/O is Coefficient of Runoff, AET is Actual Evapo-transpiration, S is Soil Moisture Content Retention Capacity.

How do you solve leachate?

Leachate can be treated by biological processes, such as activated sludge. Physicochemical processes are used to remove metals, ammonia, and dissolved solids, among other parameters. Membrane separation is an effective method for clarifying mixed liquor produced during biological treatment.

What is a sanitary landfill?

Sanitary landfill is a modern engineering landfill where waste is allowed to decompose into biologically and chemically inert materials in a setting isolated from the environment (Chen et al., 2003; Pruss et al., 1999).

What is leachate head?

Leachate Head means the depth or height of leachate accumulated on the impervious layer beneath the landfill (i.e. geomembrane, engineered clay, other bottom liner, or natural aquitard).

Why is field capacity necessary for solid waste?

In the management of solid waste, field capacity is sig- nificant because it represents the amount of water likely to be retained by the solid waste prior to the production of leachate, i.e. before the waste becomes saturated and water begins to flow out forming the leachate.

What is leachate mention the various methods of treatment of leachate and disposal?

Technologies for landfill leachate treatment include biological treatment, physical/chemical treatment and “emerging” technologies such as reverse osmosis (RO) and evaporation. Physical-chemical treatment methods include oxidation, coagulation/flocculation, activated carbon, stripping, evaporation, filtration and RO.

What is the process flow in an integrated SWM system?

Integrated solid waste management refers to the strategic approach to sustainable management of solid wastes covering all sources and all aspects, covering generation, segregation, transfer, sorting, treatment, recovery and disposal in an integrated manner, with an emphasis on maximizing resource use efficiency.

What is leachate water?

Leachate is defined as any contaminated liquid that is generated from water percolating through a solid waste disposal site, accumulating contaminants, and moving into subsurface areas.

What is leachate collection?

Leachate is liquid generated from rainfall and the natural decomposition of waste that is filtered through the landfill to a leachate collection system. The system is designed to automatically pump the leachate to maintain compliance with state requirements. …

How do you remove leachate from the landfill?

There are many methods of leachate treatment [5] such as: Aerobic Biological Treatment such as aerated lagoons and activated sludge. Anaerobic Biological Treatment such as anaerobic lagoons, reactors. Physiochemical treatement such as air stripping, pH adjustment, chemical precipitation, oxidation, and reduction.

Why is clay used in landfills?

Clay is used in containment systems for landfill waste deposits to control the water fluxes in and out of the system.

What are the characteristics of leachate in water?

Table 1 illustrates some of the chemical and biological characteristics found in leachate and compares fresh leachate to a typical domestic waste water. Generally, the more water that flows through the solid waste, the more pollutants will be leached out.

How is leachate extracted from a solid waste stream?

Leachate is liquid which has percolated through solid waste and has extracted dissolved or suspended materials from it. Whenever water comes into direct contact with solid waste, it will become contaminated. There are many materials in solid waste which are readily soluble in water.

How to calculate water balance in an area?

Methods 1 Define boundaries of the area of interest and period over which water balance is to be made. 2 Undertake a needs assessment of the water balance information that is required among stakeholders. 3 Produce a simply schematic diagram that shows storage, inflows and outflows from the area of interests.

Which is the best tool for water balance estimation?

Water Balance Estimation | SSWM – Find tools for sustainable sanitation and water management! Water balance estimation is an important tool to assess the current status and trends in water resource availability in an area over a specific period of time.